For example, (just picking a random one), having sex before marriage. Christians and Muslims use hell as a scare tactic against having pre-martial sex, but since Jews don't teach about hell: 1. What kind of consequence is there that for sort of thing, if there is one? Does God punish you in some way? 2. Does God only expect Jews not to have pre-martial sex and doesn't care what gentiles do? The 7 Noahide Laws addresses "sexual immorality" for non-Jews, but what exactly does that mean? I remember a National Geographic special I saw once on various cultures' beliefs, attitudes, and behavior toward sex. One episode was about Cambodia, and how, in some places there, fathers will build these "sex huts" for their teenager daughters so they can have the privacy and opportunity to find a compatible husband. Would that wrong according to Judaism, if that is the Cambodian people's native tradition? Thanks for the help!
We don't believe in "punishment" as such. One view is that after we die, we go to a place where the soul is taught in totality what effect the person had in the world--good and bad. Breaking commandments would be in the "bad" camp--better read as "missing the mark", not "sinning". As far as the rest--we just don't concern ourselves with how G-d judges other people. It's just not something we think about.
Either way you are not keeping His commandments, and therefore you will be judged according to your works. Having sex before married is still sinning against Elohim