the rays are shadows from the tree branches in front of the sun. the dots are from your camera reflecting light off the eye surface,
There is obviously some refraction/ reflection going on within the camera. It must have a square aperture between the lens and the sensor/ film. It is reflections from the side walls of that aperture. You shouldn't be photographing the sun without lens/ camera protection, anyway.
Lens fracture
Reflection blah Sun blah Dots Blah